Chapter 1 · Paired Samples t Test
Did the same people change across two related measurements?
- Starts on workbook page 1
- Same participants
- Two related scores
- Change within people
Volume 1 course home and chapter map
Welcome to Volume 1 of You've Got This! Quantitative Methods. Begin with the purpose behind the work, read the author's letter, preview the complete group-comparison journey, and use the chapter map to see how each statistical method answers a different kind of question.
A letter from the author
Research is a way to turn meaningful questions and lived experience into evidence that can improve the world.
Author purpose
The barrier is often not ability. It is access to the language, structure, and confidence needed to make an important question measurable and defensible.
Quantitative research is not reserved for a select few. It begins with curiosity about a real problem and grows through a structure that helps you measure, test, interpret, and communicate what the evidence shows.
What changes
Course map
Use this chapter menu to see the full route through the workbook. The method you choose depends on who is measured, how many groups or factors are involved, and whether another variable must be accounted for.
Did the same people change across two related measurements?
Are two separate groups different on a continuous outcome?
Are three or more independent groups different?
Do two factors matter, and does the effect of one depend on the other?
Do groups differ after accounting for a continuous covariate?
Is the comparison fair enough to interpret confidently?
How do you choose, interpret, and report the right analysis?
Identify the comparison or change the research question is asking about.
Choose the statistical method that fits the participants, groups, factors, and variables.
Evaluate the assumptions that make the comparison interpretable.
Read statistical significance, direction, magnitude, precision, and follow-up evidence.
Report what the evidence supports without claiming more than the design can show.
Statistical-test overview
Use the design cues in a study question to identify the analysis that is most likely to fit. This overview is a reference, not an activity.
Do not start with the name of a statistical test. Start with the structure of the question: the same people or different groups, one factor or two, and whether the comparison needs an adjustment variable.
A researcher measures the same employees' confidence before and after a training program.
A researcher compares final performance scores for employees in an online training group and a face-to-face training group.
A researcher compares satisfaction scores across three different service programs.
A researcher examines whether teaching format and grade level affect achievement, including whether the effect of format changes by grade level.
A researcher compares program outcomes across three groups while accounting for participants' baseline knowledge scores.
Next step
Begin with the paired samples t test, a method for examining whether the same participants changed across two related measurements.
Your first question is simple and powerful: Did the same people really change, or does it only look that way?
Begin Chapter 1